'''Library of simple helpful functions and definitions for 
CS515 class.'''

import sys

# a cheap form of the numpy zeros routine
def zeros(x, y, value=0.0) :
    l = []
    for i in range(0, x) : 
        l.append(y * [value])
    return l

# print out a matrix
def printMatrix(mat, symbol=None) :
    for line in mat :
        for item in line :
            if symbol==None :
                print("%5s "%item, end="")
            else :
                print("%5s "%symbol[item], end="")
        print()


# returns tuple (location of maximum, maximum value)
# where location of maximum is the location of the FIRST maximum
# Assumes list is nonempty.
def argmax(s):
    max = s[0];

    maxa = 0;
    for i in range(1, len(s)) :
        if s[i]>max:
            max = s[i]
            maxa = i

    return (maxa, max)

# returns tuple (tuple of location of maximum, maximum value)
# where location of maximum is the location of the FIRST maximum
# mat has to be 2D and nonempty but does not have to be rectanglar
# return coordinates of max and maximum
def argmax2D(mat) :
    maxr = 0
    maxc = 0
    max = mat[maxr][maxc]

    r = 0
    for row in mat :
        c = 0
        for item in row :
            if mat[r][c]>max :
                max = mat[r][c]
                maxr = r
                maxc = c
            c+=1
        r+=1
    return ((maxr, maxc), max)


def readStr() :
    return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()

def readNum() :
    return float(sys.stdin.readline().rstrip())

def readListStr() :
    return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip().split()

def readListNum() :
    return [float(x) for x in sys.stdin.readline().rstrip().split()]